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Meyer v. Nebraska

An instructor in Zion Parochial School was charged because he unlawfully taught reading in the German language to a 10 year old child who had not attained and successfully passed the 8th grade.

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Jose Alvarez v. Lemon Grove School Board

On January 5, 1931, Jerome T. Green, principal of the Lemon Grove Grammar School, barred 75 children of Mexican descent from entering his school. It was said that these children caused health and...

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Mendez v. Westminster

In every California community with a sizable Mexican American population, schools were segregated; sometimes it was just a "Mexican" room, but most commonly each district had an identified "Mexican"...

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Civil Rights Act

Civil Rights Act was a landmark piece of legislation in the United States that outlawed major forms of discrimination against blacks and women, including racial segregation. NOTE: This a reference for...

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BIlingual Education Act

This was the first piece of United States federal legislation regarding minority language speakers. The bill was introduced in 1967 by Texas senator Ralph Yarborough. Its purpose was to provide school...

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Diana v. State Board of Education

Diana v. State Board of Education challenged how ELLs were assessed for program placement. The plaintiffs emphasized the disproportionately high minority enrollments in EMR programs. Diana, a...

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May Memorandum

The purpose of this memorandum is to clarify D/HEW policy on issues concerning the responsibility of school districts to provide equal educational opportunity to national origin minority group children...

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ASPIRA of New York v. State Board of Education

ASPIRA of New York, with the support of ASPIRA of America and the representation of the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund, filed a suit against the New York City Board of Education in 1972...

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EEOA

The Equal Educational Opportunities Act (EEOA) of 1974 is a federal law of the United States of America. It prohibits discrimination against faculty, staff and students, including racial segregation of...

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OCR

OCR: Office of Civil Rights is a sub-agency of the U.S. Department of Education that is primarily focused on protecting civil rights in Federally assisted education programs and prohibiting...

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Lau v. Nichols

A class action suit brought by parents of non-English-proficient Chinese students against the San Francisco Unified School District. In 1974, the Supreme Court ruled that identical education does not...

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Serna v. Portales

In Serna, the 10th Circuit Court of Appeals upheld an earlier district court decision which found that Portales Municipal Schools discriminated against Spanish surnamed students. The Court not only...

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Rios v. Reed

Ten months after the verdict in Cintron v. Brentwood, a suit was brought in the same court (Federal District Court for the Eastern District of New York) against the Patchogue-Medford School District....

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Castanada v. Pickard

While the previous cases are of great importance in the development of legal bases to defend the rights of language minority students, Castañeda has a special relevance, since it provided -- and still...

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Plyler v. Doe

The Supreme Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment prohibits states from denying a free public education to immigrant children even if they or their parents are undocumented. In other words, the...

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Gomez v. Illinois

The Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that State Education Agencies are also required under EEOA to ensure that language minority student's educational needs are met. Additionally, it also...

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Flores v. Arizona

In 1992, Flores v. State of Arizona was filed in federal district court. The lawsuit was brought forth by parents of children enrolled in the Nogales Unified School District (NUSD). The plaintiffs...

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HB2010 (Prop 203)

Prop 203 has paved the way for English only and the SEI four hour program model adopted by Arizona Department of Education. It repealed existing English language education statutes and enacted a new...

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NCLB: Title III

Title III of NCLB requires that all ELLs receive quality instruction for learning both English and grade-level academic content. It allows local flexibility for choosing programs of instruction, while...

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